18 May 2026
New method reduces risk of cracking in hydrogen storage systems
Safer hydrogen storage may become possible thanks to protective surface layers developed at Luleå University of Technology. The research has shown how materials can be treated to prevent hydrogen from penetrating steel and making it brittle, a problem that currently limits the development of safe hydrogen infrastructure.
Hydrogen is seen as a key component in the transition to a fossil-free society but it also presents major technical challenges. When hydrogen enters steel the material can weaken and in the worst case crack which may have serious consequences in pressurised storage systems.
“Our results show that it is possible to significantly reduce both hydrogen uptake and diffusion in steel using surface layers. This is crucial for developing safe and reliable systems for hydrogen storage and transport,” says Farid Akhtar, Professor of Engineering Materials at Luleå University of Technology.
Farid Akhtar, professor of engineering materials at Luleå University of Technology.
Protective layers slow hydrogen penetration
In the project, the researchers developed and tested different types of surface treatments and coatings that act as barriers. These can both reduce how much hydrogen is absorbed into the steel and slow how quickly it spreads within the material.
The work has been carried out at laboratory scale, where several promising solutions have been identified. The results show that the approach can be adapted to different types of steel, but also that careful design is required to avoid introducing new issues, such as problems related to adhesion or mechanical performance.
“It is not only about stopping hydrogen, but also about ensuring that the coatings work together with the material and do not introduce new weaknesses. This requires a holistic approach,” says Farid Akhtar.
Potential for future storage systems
The new solutions could be used in pressurised storage vessels and in steel linings of underground rock caverns for large-scale hydrogen storage. By protecting the material, the technology could help extend service life and reduce the risk of damage in critical infrastructure.
“We have developed and tested several promising concepts at laboratory scale. The next step is to further optimise these solutions and bring them closer to real-world applications,” says Farid Akhtar.
The Jubilee Fund
The project was financed by the Jubilee Fund in 2023. The purpose of the Jubilee Fund is to create opportunities for more groundbreaking solutions and innovations for a sustainable future by supporting research that may otherwise be difficult to finance.
Based on Luleå University of Technology's 50th anniversary, the fund has been established with the support of foundations, individuals, companies and organizations. Through the Jubilee Fund, the university has the opportunity to invest in innovative research that can contribute to solutions to complex societal challenges.
Contact
Farid Akhtar
- Professor
- 0920-491793
- farid.akhtar@ltu.se
- Farid Akhtar
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