The potential of a bio-based concrete "ink" for sustainable 3D printing: review and perspectives

The Government's Climate Action Plan 2019 underlines the need to create a common understanding of the transition to a bioeconomy and knowledge of the demand for biomass types.

The project proposes a comprehensive analysis of a bio-based solution to the environmental burden created by the construction sector. The potential of replacing traditional concrete ingredients with bio-based materials, e.g., bio-binders, and bio-admixtures, is studied for application in energy-efficient 3D printing technology. To identify research gaps and future development paths, a systematic review is proposed, combined with meta-analysis and life cycle assessment. To report on the development of the national bioeconomy, a survey is conducted among different stakeholders. In the long term, the knowledge gathered within the project could facilitate the creation of new bio-based value chains, contributing to the energy and climate goals and fulfilling EU Bioeconomy Strategy Objectives 3, 4, and 5.