Strengthening Cybersecurity in Space Systems – A Knowledge Review

Space systems are increasingly critical for both civilian and military functions — yet remain vulnerable to cyber threats and signal interference. As geopolitical tensions rise and technology evolves, the need to understand and strengthen cybersecurity in these systems becomes more urgent.

In recent years, GPS disruptions near NATO’s eastern border have highlighted growing threats to both military and civilian infrastructure. These incidents signal a broader risk landscape where space-based systems are becoming targets in geopolitical conflicts.

This project aims to map the current state of cybersecurity in space systems — an area still underexplored compared to other critical infrastructure. By reviewing existing research, identifying vulnerabilities, and analyzing systemic dependencies, the project will provide insights into how to improve resilience in space-based services.

The findings will support public sector actors, researchers, and civil society stakeholders in strengthening preparedness and cybersecurity capacity. The project is conducted as a knowledge review between December 2024 and May 2025 and contributes to ongoing efforts to enhance civil contingency planning and digital security.